Toronto is home to many prominent neighbourhoods with exemplary landscaping that often, if not always, include some hedges. Understanding hedges is key to appreciating their contribution to a property’s curb appeal, but beyond their aesthetic value, what exactly is a hedge, and what purpose does it serve for a property
The word “hedge” comes from the Old English word hecg, which originally meant any fence, living or otherwise. The definition has evolved to refer to an artificial boundary made of growing plants—thick, woody bushes that don’t die down in winter. Countryside hedges often consist of various plants, serving as land boundaries. In parks and gardens, they are usually one species, creating a more ornamental, groomed effect. Many of Toronto’s botanical gardens feature exemplary hedges cultivated over decades.
How did hedges come to be?
Some hedges date as far back as far as the Bronze and Iron Ages, 2000-4000 years ago. That’s an old hedge!
Which trees work best as hedges in Toronto, considering soil and climate (zones 5-9)? The fastest-growing privacy hedges for Ontario include Eastern White Cedar, Emerald Cedar, Juniper, Spruce, Yew, Elm, Burning Bush, Forsythia, and Boxwood, growing 3 to 5 feet per year. In most residential neighborhoods, you’ll see 95% of hedges from these species. Their growth patterns suit pruning methods, and they’re hardy. Occasionally, you may spot English Holly or a flowering tree like Hydrangea as a hedge. Whatever you choose, ensure it’s recommended for your zone and in good health with bright green leaves and damp, well-managed root balls.
Wondering Where To Start When Considering Planting a Hedge? We’ve got you covered.
The arborist team at Heritage Tree Care gladly plants and cares for hedges upon request. For DIY enthusiasts, here are some basic tips to get started.
First, understanding hedges begins with selecting the right plants. When visiting your local garden centre, we recommend buying container-grown or burlap-and-balled plants for your hedge that are all of similar size and height. These options have a significantly higher success rate than bare-rooted plants. If you are planting bare-rooted specimens, ensure the root balls are kept wrapped, moist, and in the shade until planting.
Once you’ve got everything how, dig a trench 40cm wide and the length of the planned hedge. Plant the trees branch to branch. Add an inch or two of composted organic matter as top soil, incorporating as needed. Cedar hedging can be planted in double rows and staggered for a more full result. For a dwarf formal hedge (under 1 m) plant three trees per metre.
To create an even hedge, prune the tip of the shortest plant by 1/10 of its height, then trim all others to match. Pruning off the tops will encourage the trees to fill out and will result in a thicker hedge. Always prune a hedge slightly narrower on top to allow even light penetration and prevent snowfall damage.
Water thoroughly after planting and until the plants become established in the first year. Continue to water until the ground freezes. After three seasons, the hedge’s root system develops fully, requiring minimal maintenance. Trimming once a year will encourages new fresh growth and keeps the hedge thick (trimming especially helps to keep growth at the base of the hedge where neglected hedges will “thin out” and become “see through”.
How often do hedges require watering? It really depends on soil quality and the current climate. Understanding hedges means recognizing that some are hardy enough to survive all year with only seasonal precipitation, especially with good soil quality that reduces runoff. However, for optimal health, ensure that soil is always at least slightly damp. This can mean a quick hose down every few days or the installation of an irrigation system that can be as simple as turning on a tap—or even operated by Bluetooth! What a long way we’ve come!
There are so many benefits to having hedges. They provide wind protection for your other trees and plants, they reduce soil erosion acting as a barrier to water runoff, and their roots help to stabilize the soil surface.
Understanding hedges includes recognizing their role in supporting urban wildlife. Hedges provide a home, food, shelter, and corridors of travel for Toronto wildlife, including squirrels, chipmunks, birds, and raccoons. In an urban landscape, the benefits of hedges for these creatures are immeasurable, especially during times of extreme heat or cold.
With regular maintenance yearly or (in the very least) every second year from yourself or a local arborist team like Heritage Tree Care, your hedge is sure to be low to no maintenance, offering you and your family privacy and shade for many years to come.
Not convinced? Why not book a free consultation with a Heritage Tree Care arborist. We will visit you on your property at your convenience and speak to you about the potential benefits of a hedge on your property, as well as answer any questions or concerns you may have. Book a free online quote by visiting our website today!